About This Book
First Samuel chronicles Israel's transition from judges to monarchy, focusing on Samuel, Saul, and David. The book opens with Hannah's barrenness and fervent prayer for a son, whom she dedicates to God's service. Young Samuel serves under Eli the priest, whose wicked sons profane their office. God calls Samuel in the night, establishing him as prophet and judge.
When the Philistines capture the ark, it brings them plagues until they return it. Samuel leads Israel to repentance, and God defeats the Philistines at Mizpah. Despite Samuel's faithful leadership, Israel demands a king to be like surrounding nations, rejecting God's unique kingship. God grants their request in judgment, directing Samuel to anoint Saul, a tall, handsome Benjamite.
Initially humble and empowered by God's Spirit, Saul leads Israel to military victories. However, Saul's character flaws emerge—he presumptuously offers sacrifices reserved for priests, makes rash vows, and disobeys God's explicit command to destroy the Amalekites completely. When Saul rationalizes his partial obedience, Samuel declares that 'to obey is better than sacrifice' and announces that God has rejected Saul as king. God sends Samuel to Bethlehem to anoint David, Jesse's youngest son, as future king.
David enters Saul's service through his musical ability and gains fame by defeating Goliath with faith and a sling. As David's popularity grows, Saul's jealousy becomes murderous. The book's latter portion details David's fugitive years, repeatedly sparing Saul's life despite opportunities for vengeance. First Samuel concludes tragically with Saul consulting a medium and dying in battle against the Philistines.